Aug 7 2013
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication
Machinability
Welding
Forging
Hot working
Cold working
Annealing
Applications
Introduction
MONEL nickel alloy is a solid solution alloy that can be hardened by the process of cold working.
MONEL is a trademark of Special Metals Corporation under which a series of nickel-copper alloys are grouped. Commercially there are many types of MONEL available, such as alloy 400, alloy 401, alloy R-405, Alloy K-500 and Monel 404.
The Monel 400 alloy is also known as super alloy monel. This alloy is available in some standard shapes such as hexagon, round, tube, pipe, plate, strip, sheet and wire.
The proportions of copper and nickel used to make monel are the same as that found in the nickel ore found in Ontario mines. This alloy exhibits good corrosion resistance. This datasheet will look into the chemical composition, properties and applications of MONEL 400 alloy.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of MONEL 400 alloy is given in the following table.
|
Element |
Content (%) |
|
Nickel, Ni |
Remainder |
|
Copper, Cu |
28-34 |
|
Iron, Fe |
2.5 max |
|
Manganese, Mn |
2 max |
|
Silicon, Si |
0.5 max |
|
Carbon, C |
0.3 max |
|
Sulphur, S |
0.024 |
Physical Properties
The following table discusses the physical properties of MONEL 400 alloy.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Density |
8.8 gm/cm3 |
0.318 lb/in3 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of MONEL 400 alloy are tabulated below.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Tensile strength(annealed) |
517-620 MPa |
75-90 ksi |
|
Yield strength |
172-345 MPa |
25-50 ksi |
|
Modulus of elasticity |
179 GPa |
26000 ksi |
|
Poisson’s ratio |
0.32 |
0.32 |
Other Designations
Some of the other designations that are used to denote MONEL 400 alloy are as below:
-
AMS 4574
-
AMS 4675
-
AMS 4731
-
ASTM B163
-
ASTM B165
-
ASTM F96
-
UNS N04400
Fabrication
Machinability
The machinability of MONEL 400 is difficult as it work-hardens during machining. The conventional machining techniques used on iron alloys may be used for this alloy.
Welding
Welding methods including gas-arc welding, metal-arc welding, gas-metal-arc welding and submerged-arc welding are recommended on this alloy.
Forging
Forging of this alloy is to be done by controlled procedures.
Hot working
Hot working on this alloy needs to be done by choosing proper temperatures. Typical temperatures for hot working range between 648-1176°C (1200-2150°F).
Cold working
Cold working may be done using soft die materials for better finishing.
Annealing
MONEL 400 alloy may be annealed at 926°C (1700°F).
Applications
The MONEL 400 alloy is used in the following applications:-
-
Marine fixtures, pumps, valves and piping systems for sea water applications
-
Chemical plant equipment
-
Frames for eyeglasses
-
Aerospace applications
-
Musical instruments.