Jul 5 2012
Topics Covered
IntroductionChemical
CompositionPhysical PropertiesMechanical PropertiesMachiningWeldabilityHeat TreatmentCold WorkingHot WorkingForgingHardeningTemperingAgingAnnealingApplications of AISI 1022 Steel
Introduction
Hot rolled AISI 1022 steel is a low hardenability carbon steel with low
tensile strength ranging between 360-560 MPa. AISI 1022 low carbon steel has
Brinell hardness ranging between 100 – 170 and it is mostly supplied in the
black hot rolled condition. Compared to AISI 1020 steel, AISI 1022
steel has a higher content of manganese and carbon.
AISI 1022 steel is usually used in the rolled condition. AISI 1022 can be
carburized achieving case hardness more than Rc65 with smaller sections. The
case hardness reduces with an increase in section size. Hot rolled AISI 1022 low
carbon steel has excellent machinability and ductility with reasonable
strength.
Chemical Composition
| Element |
Content |
| Carbon, C |
0.17 - 0.230 % |
| Iron, Fe |
98.68 - 99.13 % |
| Manganese, Mn |
0.70 - 1.0 % |
| Phosphorous, P |
≤ 0.040 % |
| Sulfur, S |
≤ 0.050 % |
Physical Properties
| Physical
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Density |
7.858 g/cc |
0.2839 lb/in3 |
Mechanical Properties
| Mechanical
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Hardness, Brinell |
111 |
111 |
| Hardness, Knoop (Converted from Brinell Hardness) |
128 |
128 |
| Hardness, Vickers (Converted from Brinell Hardness) |
112 |
112 |
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate |
380 MPa |
55100 psi |
| Tensile Strength, Yield |
205 MPa |
29700 psi |
| Elongation at Break |
25.0 % |
25.0 % |
| Reduction of Area |
50.0 % |
50.0 % |
| Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel) |
140 GPa |
20300 ksi |
| Poissons Ratio |
0.290 |
0.290 |
| Shear Modulus (Typical for steel) |
80.0 GPa |
11600 ksi |
Machining
The machinability of AISI 1022 low carbon steel is graded at 70% against the
100% machinability of the standard AISI 1112 steel. In the black hot rolled
supplied condition AISI 1022 steel’s machinability is a bit lower than the
machinability of M1020 bright steel. The softness of the hot rolled structure
causes it to wrap around the cutting tool and resulting in a less clean
cut.
Weldability
AISI 1022 steel can be readily welded by all standard welding methods.
Pre-heating and post-heating processes are recommended for heavy sections of
AISI 1022 steel.
Heat Treatment
Suitable heat treatment for AISI 1022 low carbon steel consists of the following
processes:
- Hot Working
- Forging
- Hardening
- Tempering
- Ageing
- Annealing
Cold Working
- Conventional methods are used in the cold working process for AISI 1022
steel. An anneal may be needed after severe cold working.
Hot Working
- AISI 1022 steel requires 482.2°C -93.3 °C (900°F to 200°F) for the hot
working process.
Forging
- AISI 1022 steel is forged at 1288 °C-982°C (2350°F to 1800°F). The
steel is heated to a maximum of 1100°C to 1200°C, held till the temperature is
uniform throughout the section and forging is commenced. Forging below 900°C is
not recommended. Finished forgings may be air cooled.
Hardening
- AISI 1022 steel is hardened by quenching, tempering and heat treatment. It
can also be hardened by the cold working process.
Tempering
- Based on the required strength level AISI 1022 steel can be tempered after
the heat treatment and quenching process at 316°C-593°C (600°F to 1100 F).
Aging
- This is not applicable for AISI 1022 steel.
Annealing
- A stress relief anneal on AISI 1022 steel is performed at 538 °C (1000°F)
and a full anneal is performed at 927 °C (1700°F) with slow furnace cooling.
Applications of AISI 1022 Steel
The applications of AISI 1022 steel include:
- It is used by industry sectors for carburized parts that are lightly
stressed and for welding applications.
- It is used for structural applications with moderate strength such as bolts
and cold formed fasteners.
- Recessed-head screws, low-strength fasteners, motor spindles and die pins
utilize AISI 1022 steel.
- AISI 1022 steel is used a lot in case hardened conditions.
- Some typical applications of AISI 1022 steel include welded structures and
general engineering parts and components.
- Some carburized applications of AISI 1022 steel include light duty gears,
camshafts, worm gears, spindles, ratchets and gudgon pins.