Jul 30 2013
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication
Machinability
Welding
Hot working
Forging
Cold working
Annealing
Applications
Introduction
MONEL alloys contain nickel and copper as the main components. Robert Crooks Stanley discovered this alloy in 1901 while working at the International Nickel Company.
There are a number of MONEL alloys available commercially including MONEL 400, 401, 404, R-405, 450 and K-500. The standard forms in which MONEL alloys are available are hexagon, flats, forging stock, tube and pipe.
MONEL 404 has a relatively high copper content, hence is suitable for electric and electronic applications. The content of the elements that make up the MONEL 404 is adjusted such that the alloy has a very low Curie temperature, low permeability and good brazing characteristics.
This datasheet will look into the chemical composition, properties and applications of MONEL 404 alloy.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of MONEL 404 alloy is given in the following table.
|
Element |
Content (%) |
|
Nickel, Ni |
50 - 57 max |
|
Copper, Cu |
≤ 45.5 |
|
Iron, Fe |
≤ 0.50 |
|
Carbon, C |
≤ 0.15 |
|
Manganese, Mn |
≤ 0.10 |
|
Silicon, Si |
≤ 0.10 |
|
Aluminum, Al |
≤ 0.050 |
|
Sulfur, S |
0.024 |
Physical Properties
The following table discusses the physical properties of MONEL 404 alloy.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Density |
8.91 gm/cm3 |
0.322 lb/in3 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of MONEL 404 alloy are tabulated below.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Tensile strength(annealed) |
483 MPa |
70 ksi |
|
Yield strength(annealed) |
172 MPa |
25 ksi |
|
Poissons Ratio |
0.295 |
0.295 |
|
Modulus of Elasticity |
169 GPa |
24500 ksi |
Other Designations
Some of the other designations that are used to denote MONEL 404 alloy are as below:-
Fabrication
Machinability
Conventional machining techniques used on iron alloys may be used for this alloy.
Welding
Alloy 404 is can be welded using common welding techniques.
Hot working
This alloy cannot be hot worked.
Forging
Alloy 404 can be forged.
Cold working
Cold working may be done using standard tooling and soft die materials for better finish.
Annealing
MONEL 404 alloy should be annealed at 760°C (1400°F) for one hour.
Applications
The MONEL 404 alloy is used in the following applications:
-
Capsules for transistors
-
Ceramic to metal sealing